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A. 準(zhǔn)確理解習(xí)語(yǔ),切毋望文生義,弄出笑話來(lái)。例如下面幾例就是因?yàn)槔斫忮e(cuò)了,所以譯文不對(duì):
(1)John likes to pat himself on the back. 約翰喜歡捶自己的背。(正確譯法:約翰喜歡自吹。)
(2)Then it happened that I had to answer the call of nature, and, passing, I saw the risen dough, which seemed to say to me, "Do it!" In brief, I let myself be persuaded. 碰巧我現(xiàn)在得對(duì)自然的召喚作出答復(fù)(正確譯法:碰巧這時(shí)我想解手),走著,我看到了發(fā)起來(lái)的面團(tuán),它好象對(duì)我說(shuō),"撒吧!"簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō),我真的這么做了。
(3)He kissed the hare's foot. 他吻了兔子的腳。(正確譯法:他遲到了。)
有時(shí),一些貌似有理?yè)?jù)或合乎邏輯的習(xí)語(yǔ)極易導(dǎo)致人們相信自己直覺(jué)而疏于查考,單從字面或比喻意義去聯(lián)想,造成理解以至表達(dá)的錯(cuò)誤。這就要求譯者不能馬虎,不能望文生義,而需殫精竭慮,采取細(xì)針密縷的態(tài)度。例如: There is no love lost between them.很容易被理解成"他們彼此恩愛,感情從未破裂",而實(shí)際意思卻是"他們互相憎恨,毫無(wú)愛情可言。" 類似的例子還有:
(1) It is a good horse that never stumbles.
好馬也有失蹄時(shí)。(不宜譯成"良馬不失蹄")
(2) It is a good man that never stumbles, and a good wife that never grumbles.
好丈夫也有過(guò)失,好妻子也會(huì)嘮叨。(不宜譯成"從不失足的丈夫是好丈夫,從不嘮叨的妻子是好妻子")
(3)It is an ill bird that fouls its own nest.
再壞的鳥也不至于弄臟自己的窩。(不宜譯成"弄臟自己的窩的是壞鳥雀"。)
(4) Time and tide wait for no man. 時(shí)光如潮水, 不等任何人。(不宜譯為"時(shí)光和潮水不等人"。)
(5) Of soup and love, the first is the best.
戀愛如喝湯, 頭一碗最香。(不宜譯?quot;頭一次喝湯戀愛最好"。)
(6)In choosing a wife and buying a sword we ought not to trust another.
擇妻如選劍, 不能靠別人。(不宜譯為 "擇妻和選劍不能靠別人。")
(7) There was never a night or a problem that could defeat sunrise or hope.
黑夜不能阻止日出, 難題無(wú)法抹殺希望。(不宜譯為 "黑夜和難題無(wú)法擊敗日出和希望")
(8) People will be long forgetting her.
人們會(huì)長(zhǎng)久記住她的。(不宜譯為 "人們?cè)诤荛L(zhǎng)時(shí)間內(nèi)會(huì)忘記她"。)
B. 采用套譯法時(shí),要特別注意避免使用民族特色太濃的漢語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)來(lái)套譯英語(yǔ)習(xí)語(yǔ),否則譯文在上下文中就會(huì)顯得不倫不類,損及原意。例如:
(1) Beauty lies in lover's eyes.
情人眼里出美人。(不宜譯作"情人眼里出西施"。)
(2) Many heads are better than one. 一人不及眾人計(jì)。(不宜譯作"三個(gè)臭皮匠,頂個(gè)諸葛亮"。)
(3)Never offer to teach fish to swim.不要教魚兒游泳。(不宜譯作"不要班門弄斧"。)
(4) Even a worm will turn. 逼人入絕境,綿羊也反抗(不宜譯作"狗急跳墻"。)
(5)Give a dog a bad (an ill) name and hang him. 讒言可畏(不宜譯為"欲加之罪,何患無(wú)辭",其本意是指"一旦給人加個(gè)壞名聲,他就很難洗刷掉了"。)
(6) Lock the stable door when the horse has been stolen.賊去關(guān)門。 (不宜譯作"亡羊補(bǔ)牢",其原意是"馬盜鎖廄門,為時(shí)已太晚"。)
(7) A miss is as good as a mile. 錯(cuò)無(wú)大小, 其錯(cuò)一樣。 (不宜譯作"失之毫厘,謬以千里"。)
(8) have the face 恬不知恥,厚臉皮(不是有面子)
(9) to pull somebody's leg 開玩笑(不是拖后腿)
(10) a big fish in a small pond 山中無(wú)老虎,猴子也稱王。(或: 林中無(wú)鳥雀稱王。不是 "小塘容不下大魚"。)
C.有些習(xí)語(yǔ)有多種譯法,哪種譯法恰當(dāng)要視具體語(yǔ)境而定:
(1)Take care of the pence, and the pounds will take care of themselves.
(金錢)積少自然成多。/小事謹(jǐn)慎,大事自成。
(2)One swallow does not make a summer.
一燕不成夏。/輕率推論必成大錯(cuò)。/一關(guān)渡過(guò)并非萬(wàn)事大吉。
(3) Still water runs deep. 靜水流深。/外表淡漠然而內(nèi)心深情。/沉默者深謀。
(4)Don't cross the bridge till you get to it.
到了橋邊才過(guò)橋。/不必?fù)?dān)心太早。/不必自尋煩惱。
(5)He laughs best who laughs last.
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