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2013年10月16日,譯雅馨翻譯公司總結了英語翻譯中 to 介詞的誤用情況。
1.作介詞時誤跟原形動詞 例如:
We are all looking forward to visit China.(誤)
We are all looking forward to visiting China.(正)
析:look forward to中to為介詞,后接名詞或動名詞。類似的如:
devote…to…(把……投入到)
lead to(導致,通向)
object to(反對)
be(get)used to(習慣于干某事)
stick to (堅持)
pay attention to(注意)
2.某些固定表達中易被曲解而錯用其他介詞。例如:
Anna has been engaged with a young doctor.(誤)
Anna has been engaged to a young doctor.(正)
析:“與……定婚”應為 be engaged to,而非 be engaged with。類似的如:
be equal to與……相等(to誤寫成 with);
be obliged to sb.對某人感激(to誤寫成 by);
compare to把……比作(to誤寫成 with);
drink to為……干杯(to誤寫成 for);
join…to…把……與……連接起來(to誤寫成with)
be married to與……結婚(to誤寫成 with)
3.某些表所屬關系的短語中to易用成of。例如:
據說他們已經發現了揭開秘密的線索。
It's said that they have discovered the key of the secret.(誤)
It's said that they have discovered the key to the secret.(正)
析:有些名詞的后面要跟介詞時,只能用to。類似的又如:
the key to the box箱子的鑰匙
the answer to this question對該問題的答復
the Monument to the People's Heroes人民英雄紀念碑
Chinese Ambassador to Japan中國駐日本大使
notes to the text課文注釋
4.某種動詞的間接賓語前用to還是用for易混。例如:
My parents bought a new bike to me.(誤)
My parents bought a new bike for me.(正)
析:英語中不少動詞可帶雙賓語,當直接賓語置于間接賓語之前時,間接賓語前通常加上介詞to或for,to表示“給”、“對”,for表示“替”、“為”。跟to的動詞有:sell(賣),take(帶),leave(留給),lend(借),return(還),pass(傳),give(給),hand(遞),show(出示),tell(告訴)等。跟for的動詞有buy(買),cook(煮飯),draw(畫畫),make(制造),find(找到),choose(挑選),get(買)等。
有些動詞兩介詞都可接,但含義有別。例如:
The boy has written a letter to the old man.小孩兒寫了一封信給那老人。
The boy has written a letter for the old man.小孩兒替那老人寫了一封信。
類似的還有sing(唱歌),read (讀),bring(帶)等。
5.有些場合易遺漏to。例如:
He was seen do shopping in Wangfujing.(誤)
He was seen to do shopping in Wangfujing.(正)
析:有些動詞如see,notice,look at,observe,watch,feel,make,have 等,是主動形式時,其后作賓語補足語的動詞不帶to,但若是被動形式時,其后作賓語補足語的動詞要帶to。
6.其他易錯用的場合。例如:
(1)Will you please explain me this sentense once more?(誤)
Will you please explain this sentense to me once more?(正)
(2)He hoped me to write to him soon(誤)
He wished me to write to him soon.(正)
(3)We had nothing to do but to wait for him here.(誤)
We had nothing to do but wait for him here.(正)
We had no choice but to wait for him here.(正)
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