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知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題答復(fù)檢索庫(kù)
Reply Searching Database for Hot Issues about Intellectual Property Rights
專利：
Patents:
外國(guó)的專利權(quán)能否得到中國(guó)的保護(hù)？
Can foreign patent rights be protected in China?
         外國(guó)人的發(fā)明創(chuàng)造取得的外國(guó)專利權(quán)，在我國(guó)不具有效力，其發(fā)明創(chuàng)造欲在我國(guó)得到保護(hù)，必須在我國(guó)或通過(guò)專利合作條約的國(guó)際專利申請(qǐng)指定在中國(guó)申請(qǐng)并獲得專利。專利申請(qǐng)主體的資格是①在我國(guó)境內(nèi)有經(jīng)常居住地或者營(yíng)業(yè)所；②在我國(guó)境內(nèi)沒(méi)有經(jīng)常居住地或者營(yíng)業(yè)所的外國(guó)人可以根據(jù)其所屬國(guó)同我國(guó)簽訂的協(xié)議或者共同參加的國(guó)際條約；③依照其所在國(guó)與中國(guó)的互惠原則。
         The foreign patent rights acquired from inventions and innovations by foreigners do not have legal effectiveness in China. In the event that a foreigner intends to effect his inventions and innovations protected in China, he shall apply for and obtain patent rights in China or from a place in China appointed for international patent application which has already passed the PCT. The qualifications of the main bodies applying for patents contain: ① those who have habitual residences or business offices in China; ②foreigners who have no habitual residences or business offices in China may present applications according to the agreements reached between or the international treaties jointly concluded by their own countries and China; ③ according to the reciprocal principles made between their own countries and China. 
專利保護(hù)從何時(shí)開(kāi)始？保護(hù)期限多長(zhǎng)？
When does the patent protection come into effect? How long is the duration of protection?
          專利權(quán)是一種有期限的無(wú)形財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)，自獲得授權(quán)并公告時(shí)開(kāi)始保護(hù)，期限屆滿，權(quán)利便依法終止。同時(shí)，更多的專利權(quán)由于專利權(quán)人不愿維持，或者主動(dòng)放棄而在期限屆滿前終止。專利權(quán)終止以后，受該項(xiàng)專利權(quán)保護(hù)的發(fā)明創(chuàng)造便成為全社會(huì)的財(cái)富，任何人都可以無(wú)償?shù)乩谩＠麢?quán)終止的情況主要有下列三種：①期限屆滿終止。發(fā)明專利權(quán)自申請(qǐng)日起滿20年，實(shí)用新型或者外觀設(shè)計(jì)專利權(quán)自申請(qǐng)日起滿10年。②沒(méi)有按照規(guī)定繳納年費(fèi)的終止。專利局發(fā)出繳費(fèi)通知書(shū)，通知專利權(quán)人補(bǔ)繳本年度的年費(fèi)及滯納金后，專利權(quán)人在專利年費(fèi)滯納期滿仍未繳納或者繳足本年度年費(fèi)和滯納金的，自滯納期滿之日起兩個(gè)月內(nèi)，最早不早于一個(gè)月，專利局做出專利終止通知，通知專利權(quán)人，專利權(quán)人未啟動(dòng)恢復(fù)程序或恢復(fù)未被批準(zhǔn)的，應(yīng)在終止通知書(shū)發(fā)出四個(gè)月后，在專利登記簿和專利公報(bào)上分別予以登記和公告。專利終止日應(yīng)為上一年度期滿日。③專利權(quán)人主動(dòng)放棄專利權(quán)。專利權(quán)人自愿將其發(fā)明創(chuàng)造貢獻(xiàn)給全社會(huì)，可以提出聲明主動(dòng)放棄專利權(quán)。專利權(quán)人主動(dòng)放棄專利權(quán)的，應(yīng)當(dāng)使用專利局統(tǒng)一制定的表格，提出書(shū)面聲明。放棄一件有兩名以上的專利權(quán)人的專利時(shí)，應(yīng)當(dāng)由全體專利權(quán)人的同意，并在聲明或其它文件上簽章。兩名以上的專利權(quán)人中，有一個(gè)或者部分專利權(quán)人要求放棄專利權(quán)的，應(yīng)當(dāng)通過(guò)辦理著錄項(xiàng)目變更手續(xù)，改變專利權(quán)人。符合規(guī)定的放棄專利權(quán)聲明被批準(zhǔn)后，專利局將有關(guān)事項(xiàng)在專利登記簿上和專利公報(bào)上登記和公告。該聲明自登記、公告后生效。
           As a kind of the terminable intangible property rights, the patent right, which is protected since the authorization and announcement, is terminated by laws at the expiration of the term. Meanwhile, more patent rights tend to be terminated prior to the expiration of the term because of the patentees no longer wish to maintain or voluntarily give up their own rights. After the patent right is terminated, the invention and innovation protected thereby will become a fortune of the whole society and used by everyone freely. The circumstances of terminating patent rights include: ① the termination at the expiration of the term, which is twenty (20) years after the application date for the invention patent rights and ten (10) years for the utility model or design patent rights; ② the termination caused by failure in paying annual fees according to the regulations. After the patent office issues a payment notice to the patentee for notifying retroactive paying of annual fees and fines for delayed payments, where the patentee fails to pay or pay enough annual fees and fines during the overdue period, the patent office will notify the patentee two (2) months prior to the expiration of the overdue period, not earlier than one (1) month, the notice for termination. Furthermore, where the patentee fails to start the restoration procedure or the restoration is not approved, he shall respectively register and proclaim his patent right in the Patent Register and the Patent Gazette, within four (4) months after the issuance of the notices for termination. The date for terminating a patent right shall be the same as the expiration date of the last year; ③ the patentee voluntarily gives up the patent rights The patentee may bring forward statements to voluntarily give up his patent right provided that he is willing to contribute his inventions and innovations to the whole society. Where the patentee voluntarily gives up the patent rights, he shall submit the written statements by using a form uniformly made by the patent office. Under the circumstances that a patent right to be given up has two (2) (or above) patentees, it shall be agreed by all the patentees, who are also required to sign and seal in the statement or other documents. For a patent right having two (2) (or above) patentees, where there is one (1) or some patentees who request(s) to give it up, the procedure for changing the descriptive item shall be handled, to change the patent(s). After the statement for giving up the patent right in accordance with regulations is approved, the patent office will register and announce all relevant matters in the Patent Register and the Patent Gazette. From then on, the statement will become effective.

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